See love in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "love"
},
"expansion": "English: love",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: love"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "luve",
"3": "lufe"
},
"expansion": "Scots: luve, lufe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: luve, lufe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "loove"
},
"expansion": "Yola: loove",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: loove"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "love"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lufu",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English lufu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lufu"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English lufu",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lubu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lubu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lubō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lubō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English lufu, from Proto-West Germanic *lubu, from Proto-Germanic *lubō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lof",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lofe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "louf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "leove",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lofve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufæ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "love",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "love (plural loves)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lovable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "loveache"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "loveday"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "loveles"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lovely"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "loven"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lovere"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "loverede"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lovesom"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lovynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 22 20 12 14 1 1 1 3 1 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Love",
"orig": "enm:Love",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Virtue",
"Mind",
"Ethics",
"Human",
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 21 21 22 8 0 0 0 0 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Love; strong and deep affection:",
"Sexual or romantic desire (in humans and other animals)"
],
"id": "en-love-enm-noun-SfCAuuUN",
"links": [
[
"Love",
"love#English"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"Sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"romantic",
"romantic"
],
[
"desire",
"desire"
],
[
"human",
"human#English"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 22 20 12 14 1 1 1 3 1 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Love",
"orig": "enm:Love",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Virtue",
"Mind",
"Ethics",
"Human",
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 21 21 22 8 0 0 0 0 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Love; strong and deep affection:",
"Theosis, sanctification, or love as a means to attain it."
],
"id": "en-love-enm-noun-Ak9pBB7h",
"links": [
[
"Love",
"love#English"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"Theosis",
"theosis"
],
[
"sanctification",
"sanctification"
],
[
"love",
"love#English"
],
[
"attain",
"attain"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 16 24 10 17 2 7 2 7 1 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 22 22 23 7 0 0 3 0 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "enm:Female people",
"parents": [
"Female",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 20 12 14 1 1 1 3 1 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Love",
"orig": "enm:Love",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Virtue",
"Mind",
"Ethics",
"Human",
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 21 21 22 8 0 0 0 0 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 12 12 12 7 14 8 5 5 5 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "enm:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who one loves; a loved individual:",
"A lover; a sexual or romantic partner."
],
"id": "en-love-enm-noun-2Xnh~jGY",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love#English"
],
[
"loved",
"loved"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
],
[
"lover",
"lover"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"romantic",
"romantic"
],
[
"partner",
"partner"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 9 22 22 23 7 0 0 3 0 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "enm:Female people",
"parents": [
"Female",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 20 12 14 1 1 1 3 1 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Love",
"orig": "enm:Love",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Virtue",
"Mind",
"Ethics",
"Human",
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 21 21 22 8 0 0 0 0 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 12 12 12 7 14 8 5 5 5 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "enm:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who one loves; a loved individual:",
"A personification or embodiment of love."
],
"id": "en-love-enm-noun-NHR7D2a9",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love#English"
],
[
"loved",
"loved"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
],
[
"personification",
"personification"
],
[
"embodiment",
"embodiment"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Christianity",
"orig": "enm:Christianity",
"parents": [
"Abrahamism",
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 20 2 1 57 0 0 0 1 0 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Body",
"orig": "enm:Body",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 9 22 22 23 7 0 0 3 0 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Female people",
"orig": "enm:Female people",
"parents": [
"Female",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 20 12 14 1 1 1 3 1 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Love",
"orig": "enm:Love",
"parents": [
"Emotions",
"Virtue",
"Mind",
"Ethics",
"Human",
"Philosophy",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 21 21 22 8 0 0 0 0 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "People",
"orig": "enm:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 32 3 2 50 3 2 1 1 1 1 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Theology",
"orig": "enm:Theology",
"parents": [
"Philosophy",
"Religion",
"All topics",
"Culture",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 12 12 12 7 14 8 5 5 5 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "enm:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One who one loves; a loved individual:",
"The Holy Spirit (or less often, God generally)."
],
"id": "en-love-enm-noun-4o5dGbQR",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love#English"
],
[
"loved",
"loved"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
],
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"Holy Spirit",
"Holy Spirit"
],
[
"God",
"God#English"
],
[
"generally",
"generally#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"One who one loves; a loved individual:",
"(Christianity) The Holy Spirit (or less often, God generally)."
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A peace treaty; the ending of hostilities."
],
"id": "en-love-enm-noun-TeyRYIZJ",
"links": [
[
"peace",
"peace"
],
[
"treaty",
"treaty"
],
[
"hostilities",
"hostility"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 8 9 5 19 3 31 4 4 2 2 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Sex",
"orig": "enm:Sex",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Reproduction",
"Fundamental",
"Life",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 5 12 12 12 7 14 8 5 5 5 5",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Zoology",
"orig": "enm:Zoology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Permission, consent."
],
"id": "en-love-enm-noun-QSJJwF7H",
"links": [
[
"Permission",
"permission"
],
[
"consent",
"consent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Permission, consent."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈluv(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈloːv(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "love"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lave"
},
"expansion": "English: lave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lave"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "lave"
},
"expansion": "Scots: lave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: lave"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "remainder"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lāfe",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English lāfe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lāfe"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English lāfe",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*laibu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *laibu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laibō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laibō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English lāfe, oblique singular of lāf, from Proto-West Germanic *laibu, from Proto-Germanic *laibō; compare leven (“to halt”), which some forms are influenced by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lave",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "leve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loove",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lafe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "læve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loave",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "love",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "love (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
113,
117
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
105,
109
]
],
"english": "Thirlwall, who was their commander / was killed there in the struggle / with the greatest part of his men; / the rest fled very frightened.",
"ref": "c. 1375, “Book VI”, in Iohne Barbour, De geſtis bellis et uirtutibus domini Roberti de Brwyß […] (The Brus, Advocates MS. 19.2.2), Ouchtirmunſye: Iohannes Ramſay, published 1489, folio 21, recto, lines 431-434; republished at Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, c. 2010:",
"text": "Thyꝛwall þ[at] was þ[air] capitain / Wes þ[air] in þe baꝛgain slain / ⁊ off his men þe maſt p[ar]ty / Ϸe laue fled full affrayitly",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The remainder or rest; that which is left."
],
"id": "en-love-enm-noun-JvEcKB45",
"links": [
[
"remainder",
"remainder"
],
[
"rest",
"rest"
],
[
"left",
"left"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A widow; a woman whose husband has died."
],
"id": "en-love-enm-noun-JcW9kPPN",
"links": [
[
"widow",
"widow"
],
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"husband",
"husband"
],
[
"died",
"died"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A widow; a woman whose husband has died."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "relicte"
},
{
"word": "widwe"
}
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔːv(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/laːf/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaːv(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"word": "love"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "loof"
},
"expansion": "English: loof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: loof"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "luif",
"3": "lufe",
"4": "luff"
},
"expansion": "Scots: luif, lufe, luff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: luif, lufe, luff"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "palm"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "lófi"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old Norse lófi",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lōfô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lōfô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Norse lófi, from Proto-Germanic *lōfô; compare glove.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lof",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loove",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "louf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "love",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "love (plural loves)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Northern Middle English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"palm of the hand"
],
"id": "en-love-enm-noun-sYxgb~Nq",
"links": [
[
"palm",
"palm"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Northern) palm of the hand"
],
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈloːv(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/loːf/"
}
],
"word": "love"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "love",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to love",
"word": "loven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of loven (“to love”)"
],
"id": "en-love-enm-verb-4fNY51cd",
"links": [
[
"loven",
"loven#Middle_English:_to_love"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "love"
}
{
"etymology_number": 5,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "love",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to praise",
"word": "loven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of loven (“to praise”)"
],
"id": "en-love-enm-verb-u~6oScNm",
"links": [
[
"loven",
"loven#Middle_English:_to_praise"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "love"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Body",
"enm:Female people",
"enm:Love",
"enm:People",
"enm:Sex",
"enm:Theology",
"enm:Zoology"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "love"
},
"expansion": "English: love",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: love"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "luve",
"3": "lufe"
},
"expansion": "Scots: luve, lufe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: luve, lufe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yol",
"2": "loove"
},
"expansion": "Yola: loove",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yola: loove"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "love"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lufu",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English lufu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lufu"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English lufu",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*lubu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *lubu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lubō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lubō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English lufu, from Proto-West Germanic *lubu, from Proto-Germanic *lubō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lof",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lofe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "louf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "leove",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lofve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufæ",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "love",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "love (plural loves)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "lovable"
},
{
"word": "loveache"
},
{
"word": "loveday"
},
{
"word": "loveles"
},
{
"word": "lovely"
},
{
"word": "loven"
},
{
"word": "lovere"
},
{
"word": "loverede"
},
{
"word": "lovesom"
},
{
"word": "lovynge"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Love; strong and deep affection:",
"Sexual or romantic desire (in humans and other animals)"
],
"links": [
[
"Love",
"love#English"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"Sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"romantic",
"romantic"
],
[
"desire",
"desire"
],
[
"human",
"human#English"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Love; strong and deep affection:",
"Theosis, sanctification, or love as a means to attain it."
],
"links": [
[
"Love",
"love#English"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"deep",
"deep"
],
[
"affection",
"affection"
],
[
"Theosis",
"theosis"
],
[
"sanctification",
"sanctification"
],
[
"love",
"love#English"
],
[
"attain",
"attain"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"One who one loves; a loved individual:",
"A lover; a sexual or romantic partner."
],
"links": [
[
"love",
"love#English"
],
[
"loved",
"loved"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
],
[
"lover",
"lover"
],
[
"sexual",
"sexual"
],
[
"romantic",
"romantic"
],
[
"partner",
"partner"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"One who one loves; a loved individual:",
"A personification or embodiment of love."
],
"links": [
[
"love",
"love#English"
],
[
"loved",
"loved"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
],
[
"personification",
"personification"
],
[
"embodiment",
"embodiment"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"enm:Christianity"
],
"glosses": [
"One who one loves; a loved individual:",
"The Holy Spirit (or less often, God generally)."
],
"links": [
[
"love",
"love#English"
],
[
"loved",
"loved"
],
[
"individual",
"individual"
],
[
"Christianity",
"Christianity"
],
[
"Holy Spirit",
"Holy Spirit"
],
[
"God",
"God#English"
],
[
"generally",
"generally#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"One who one loves; a loved individual:",
"(Christianity) The Holy Spirit (or less often, God generally)."
],
"topics": [
"Christianity"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A peace treaty; the ending of hostilities."
],
"links": [
[
"peace",
"peace"
],
[
"treaty",
"treaty"
],
[
"hostilities",
"hostility"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Permission, consent."
],
"links": [
[
"Permission",
"permission"
],
[
"consent",
"consent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) Permission, consent."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈluv(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈloːv(ə)/"
}
],
"word": "love"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Body",
"enm:Female people",
"enm:Love",
"enm:People",
"enm:Sex",
"enm:Theology",
"enm:Zoology"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lave"
},
"expansion": "English: lave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lave"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "lave"
},
"expansion": "Scots: lave",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: lave"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "remainder"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lāfe",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English lāfe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "lāfe"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English lāfe",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*laibu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *laibu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*laibō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *laibō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English lāfe, oblique singular of lāf, from Proto-West Germanic *laibu, from Proto-Germanic *laibō; compare leven (“to halt”), which some forms are influenced by.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lave",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "leve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loove",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lafe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "læve",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loave",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "love",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "love (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
113,
117
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
105,
109
]
],
"english": "Thirlwall, who was their commander / was killed there in the struggle / with the greatest part of his men; / the rest fled very frightened.",
"ref": "c. 1375, “Book VI”, in Iohne Barbour, De geſtis bellis et uirtutibus domini Roberti de Brwyß […] (The Brus, Advocates MS. 19.2.2), Ouchtirmunſye: Iohannes Ramſay, published 1489, folio 21, recto, lines 431-434; republished at Edinburgh: National Library of Scotland, c. 2010:",
"text": "Thyꝛwall þ[at] was þ[air] capitain / Wes þ[air] in þe baꝛgain slain / ⁊ off his men þe maſt p[ar]ty / Ϸe laue fled full affrayitly",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The remainder or rest; that which is left."
],
"links": [
[
"remainder",
"remainder"
],
[
"rest",
"rest"
],
[
"left",
"left"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A widow; a woman whose husband has died."
],
"links": [
[
"widow",
"widow"
],
[
"woman",
"woman"
],
[
"husband",
"husband"
],
[
"died",
"died"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A widow; a woman whose husband has died."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "relicte"
},
{
"word": "widwe"
}
],
"tags": [
"rare",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɔːv(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/laːf/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaːv(ə)/",
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"word": "love"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Old Norse",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Body",
"enm:Female people",
"enm:Love",
"enm:People",
"enm:Sex",
"enm:Theology",
"enm:Zoology"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "loof"
},
"expansion": "English: loof",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: loof"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "luif",
"3": "lufe",
"4": "luff"
},
"expansion": "Scots: luif, lufe, luff",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: luif, lufe, luff"
}
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "palm"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "non",
"3": "lófi"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old Norse lófi",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*lōfô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lōfô",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old Norse lófi, from Proto-Germanic *lōfô; compare glove.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "loves",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lof",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "loove",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "louf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luf",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "lufe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luff",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "luffe",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "love",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "love (plural loves)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Northern Middle English"
],
"glosses": [
"palm of the hand"
],
"links": [
[
"palm",
"palm"
],
[
"hand",
"hand"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(chiefly Northern) palm of the hand"
],
"tags": [
"Northern"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈloːv(ə)/"
},
{
"ipa": "/loːf/"
}
],
"word": "love"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Body",
"enm:Female people",
"enm:Love",
"enm:People",
"enm:Sex",
"enm:Theology",
"enm:Zoology"
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "love",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to love",
"word": "loven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of loven (“to love”)"
],
"links": [
[
"loven",
"loven#Middle_English:_to_love"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "love"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English verbs",
"Pages with 15 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Body",
"enm:Female people",
"enm:Love",
"enm:People",
"enm:Sex",
"enm:Theology",
"enm:Zoology"
],
"etymology_number": 5,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "love",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "to praise",
"word": "loven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of loven (“to praise”)"
],
"links": [
[
"loven",
"loven#Middle_English:_to_praise"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "love"
}
Download raw JSONL data for love meaning in Middle English (12.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (87ad358 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.